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Fireflies flashing in front of trees

Firefly Survey Tips

Are you interested in observing and documenting fireflies, but aren’t sure where to start? Between scientific names, flash pattern measurements, and insect anatomy terms, fireflies can be an overwhelming subject! Read on for some tips on equipment, what to pay attention to, and how to stay safe. Ready to survey for fireflies? Read through the …

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A firefly larva feeding on an earthworm.

Fireflies, worms, and forest health

Fireflies are often associated with warm summer nights, lighting up backyards and fields, yet many species are habitat specialists found in wetland or forest habitats. Some firefly species–particularly the specialists–are experiencing declines due to a variety of threats including habitat loss, light pollution, climate change, and pesticide exposure. While we know there are varying degrees …

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Winter fireflies on yellow goldenrod flowers.

Are fireflies pollinators? Of blooms and lightning bugs.

Within insects, pollinators often seem to get VIP treatment. Bees in particular get heralded for their role in helping plants set seed, produce fruit, and reproduce. While beetles aren’t usually the first group of insects to come to mind as pollinators, they actually have a long history in this role, with fossil records indicating that …

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On the hunt for lost fireflies

Candace Fallon, Senior Endangered Species Conservation Biologist It’s a couple hours before sunset, and I’m zigzagging back and forth across a wide sandy trail behind my friend Becca, scanning the rocks and plants on either side for insects. Tiny checkerspot butterflies flit by. Common side-blotched lizards scamper across boulders, blue scales glinting in the light. …

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A mating pair of California pink glow-worms in California.

A field guide to California’s fireflies

Candace Fallon, Senior Endangered Species Conservation Biologist The Golden State: land of sunshine, milk and honey, and… fireflies? Yes! But probably not the kind you’re picturing. When most people think of fireflies, they imagine warm summer nights filled with blinking lights. While that’s true in many parts of the country, including several western states like …

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Close-up view of keel-necked firefly (Pyractomena ecostata) in hand

Firefly Atlas 2025 Year in Review

Richard Joyce, Endangered Species Conservation Biologist By the Numbers This year, Firefly Atlas participants submitted data from 857 surveys and incidental observations. There were 304 full surveys, which included both species-specific surveys targeting 32 different species and open-ended surveys, where surveyors simply went out to see what types of fireflies they could find. In total, …

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Searching for fall’s hidden treasures

With the fall equinox just behind us, the adult firefly season has come to an end across most of the US and Canada. However, that doesn’t mean you have to say goodbye to fireflies just yet! Fall is an ideal time to look for an entirely different stage of the firefly life cycle—the larvae. This …

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How does fire affect fireflies?

How do we protect firefly populations while also achieving other ecological goals on the landscape? This is a question that land managers grapple with when figuring out how to maintain the wildlife habitats they steward. Prescribed fire, also known as controlled burns or cultural fire, is the intentional use of fire to sustain or regenerate …

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10 ways to collect better firefly data

Firefly researchers (professionals and community scientists alike) often find themselves on a steep learning curve when gathering data on firefly species, especially when they are using methods that don’t involve collecting specimens. This post breaks down some of the ways to ensure that the data you are collecting is as useful as possible for species, …

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How are Firefly Atlas data used?

Candace Fallon, Senior Endangered Species Conservation Biologist If you submit data to the Firefly Atlas, you might be wondering what becomes of that information. You likely know that we are crowdsourcing data to better understand firefly distributions, seasonality, habitat associations, and more. But what does that mean in practice? And who has access to this …

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This is a project of the Xerces Society, working in collaboration with the IUCN SSC Firefly Specialist Group and New Mexico BioPark Society.

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